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Landman: A self-employed individual or company employee who secures oil and gas leases, checks legal titles, and attempts to cure title defects so that drilling can begin. Landmen are a crucial, integral, and vital part of the energy industry. Landmen work for oil companies in Texas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Lousiana, Kansas, Arkansas, Virgina, North Carolina, South Carolina, and New York. Several universities have added professional land management as a major.
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Glossary
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Paid-Up Lease - A Lease where all delay rentals owed during the primary term of the Lease are paid at the execution of the Lease with the bonus.
Parol Evidence – Evidence given verbally rather than in writing.
Partition - The act of dividing an estate into estates owned in severalty.
Patent - A grant of land from a federal or state government.
Perpetuity - Continuing forever.
Plat - A map or drawing showing the boundaries of a tract of land.
Point of Beginning — A described point in a metes and bounds legal description from which the description of the tract begins. It is also the ending point.
Pooling – The combining of small or irregular tracts into a unit large enough to meet state spacing regulations for drilling.
Pooling and Unitization Clause – In an oil and gas lease, the clause that permits the lessee to pool or unitize the leased tract.
Power of Attorney – A legal instrument that authorizes one person to act for another, generally or specifically.
Presumptive Rights - Rights obtained under presumption of a grant after a period of years.
Primary Term — The term of the Lease provided no action is taken on the property such as drilling or operations.
Principal Meridian - Lines running North and South which are part of the rectangular survey system as set up by the federal government. There are 35 principal meridians.
Pro forma — "As a matter of form." For example: Mary E. Jones joined pro forma by her husband, Sam S. Jones.
Producer's 88 – Any of a wide variety of lease forms used in the mid-continent and Gulf Coast regions of the country.
Proportionate Reduction Clause – In an oil and gas lease, the clause that allows for proportionate reductions in rentals and royalties should the lessor's interests be less than the entire fee simple estate.
Prospect – Lease or other right in a particular geographical area believed to lie on a geologic structure or stratigraphic feature.
Public Lands — Land owned by a state or the federal government.
Pugh Clause — Clause used in the Lease to release back to the Lessor any lands not included in a pooled unit or HBP (held by production) after the primary term has expired.
Purchase Contract — A contract for the purchase of land usually setting out a series of periodical payments. Upon completion of the payments, the title to the land is transferred.
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Quiet Title Suit – A court action brought to identify the true owner(s) of land.
Quitclaim Deed — An instrument that conveys any interest a person may have in property but does not give warranty of title.
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Range — Part of the rectangular survey system as established by the federal government. A six mile wide strip of land extending north and south and numbered east and west from the principal meridian.
Ratification – Approval and confirmation of a contract or other legal instrument, usually by means of a second written instrument.
Realty — A term used for real property.
Recording – The act by which a legal instrument is entered into a book of public record, usually in the county clerk's office. This recording amounts to legal notice to all persons of the rights or claims delineated in the instrument.
Release — Return of interest from Lessee to Lessor as in a Release of Oil, Gas and Mineral Lease. Also, an instrument whereby a landowner or tenant relinquishes any claim of damage caused by any operations of another party.
Rectangular Survey System — Method set up by Federal Government to describe land by principal meridians and base lines. Also known as Congressional Township System.
Release – A statement filed by the lessee indicating that an oil or gas lease has been relinquished.
Remainder — A future interest created in some person after the termination of a prior estate as in the case of a life estate.
Remainderman — The person who receives a remainder in an estate after the termination of a prior estate.
Rental Division Order — A form used to prorate delay rental payments for multiple signature leases.
Reservation — A right or interest reserved out of a tract by the grantor unto himself or his assign as minerals.
Restriction - A limitation on the use of land usually created in a conveyance.
Reversion — A return or conveyance of rights in an estate as a result of certain conditions. For example, an easement may contain the condition that all rights granted revert to the grantor in the event the easement is not used for a given period of time.
Rider – A separately listed provision in a lease. Also called an exhibit or addenda.
Right-of-Way — A strip of land over which a pipeline, electrical line, telephone line, railroad or roadway is constructed.
Right-of-Way Agent — A person engaged in the acquisition of land and land rights to accommodate pipeline, electrical lines or facilities pertaining to rights—of-way.
Right-of-Way Agreement — An agreement in writing, under seal, in which an owner in real property grants a right-of-way upon, over and across his land.
Riparian Rights — The rights of landowners of lands on waterways as they relate to ownership.
Royalty — The mineral owner's share of the production.
Royalty Deed – The legal instrument that conveys a share or oil or gas production.
R ule of Capture – Rule applied by the courts that give title to oil and gas produced from a tract of land to the party reducing it to possession.
Runsheet – A landman's list and brief description of all the documents in the history of the ownership of a given tract of land.
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Secondary Term – The term, usually in a phrase like "…so long thereafter as oil or gas is produced…" that extends a lease beyond its primary term.
Section - Part of the Rectangular Survey System as established by the Federal Government. A section is 1 mile X 1 mile and contains 640 acres. There are 36 sections in one Township.
Sever – separate, disjoin.
Severed Mineral Interest – Ownership of minerals independent of an interest in the surface of a tract of land.
Severalty – Sole ownership. Property owned by one person or entity.
Severance Damage — The loss in value of the remaining tract by virtue of the taking of a part.
Shut-In – To close the valves on a well so that it stops producing.
Shut-In Royalty - Monies or consideration paid to lessor to keep a Lease in effect after a well has been drilled but has been shut down until some future date.
Shut-In Well – Usually, a gas well shut-in for lack of a market or pending connection with a pipeline.
Sovereign – In the case of land, the government that holds and is capable of transferring title.
Sovereignty of the Soil - The beginning of record ownership of property from the sovereign or state.
Statute Law – Law enacted by a legislative body. Also called civil law.
Suit to Quiet Title - Court action to correct cloud on the title.
Subordination – In the case of an oil and gas lease, a supplementary agreement that resolves the priority of rights to the leased property and subordinates an earlier instrument (a mortgage for example) to the oil and gas lease.
Surface Estate – Rights and interests in the surface of the land, created when the owner severs or separates his interests in the property.
Survey — The determining of boundaries and corners, with distances and directions in order to identify land.
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Takeoff – Usually prepared by an abstract company, similar to a landman's runsheet.
Tenancy by Entirety - A tenancy which is created between a husband and wife and upon death of either, the other is vested with the whole.
Tenancy in Common — A form of ownership in which each owner owns an undivided interest in property. If one of the owners dies, his interest passes to his heirs and/or assigns.
Term Minerals – Severed minerals acquired for a certain time and, generally, as long thereafter as production continues.
Testate — When one dies leaving a valid will he is said to die testate.
Title – A term standing for those facts that, if proved, will enable a person to regain or retain possession of property.
Title Opinion – The written opinion of a title examiner on the status of the title to a given piece of property.
Top Lease — A Lease granted by a mineral owner prior to expiration of an existing Lease. The Lease becomes effective upon the expiration of the existing Lease provided no action is taken by the existing Lessee to perpetuate the Lease by commencement of drilling or other perpetuating actions.
Township - Part of the Rectangular Survey System as established by the Federal Government. A Township is six miles by six miles and contains 36 square miles which is 36 sections or the equivalent of 23,040 acres.
Township Line — Part of the Rectangular Survey System as established by the Federal Government. These lines run six miles a part parallel to the base line.
Trespass to Try Title — Court action to return ownership to rightful owner or owners.
Trust – A right in property held by one party for the benefit of another. The trustee holds the legal interest or title, and the beneficiary holds the equitable interest and receives the benefits.
Trust Deed - (1) A mortgage on property to a third party to be held as security for a debt. See also "Deed of Trust." (2) A deed conveying property into a trust. (3) A deed from the trustees of a trust.
Trustee – Person who holds the legal title to property in trust for the benefit of another. With the title go specified powers and duties relating to the property. -U-
Paid-Up Lease - A Lease where all delay rentals owed during the primary term of the Lease are paid at the execution of the Lease with the bonus.
Parol Evidence – Evidence given verbally rather than in writing.
Partition - The act of dividing an estate into estates owned in severalty.
Patent - A grant of land from a federal or state government.
Perpetuity - Continuing forever.
Plat - A map or drawing showing the boundaries of a tract of land.
Point of Beginning — A described point in a metes and bounds legal description from which the description of the tract begins. It is also the ending point.
Pooling – The combining of small or irregular tracts into a unit large enough to meet state spacing regulations for drilling.
Pooling and Unitization Clause – In an oil and gas lease, the clause that permits the lessee to pool or unitize the leased tract.
Power of Attorney – A legal instrument that authorizes one person to act for another, generally or specifically.
Presumptive Rights - Rights obtained under presumption of a grant after a period of years.
Primary Term — The term of the Lease provided no action is taken on the property such as drilling or operations.
Principal Meridian - Lines running North and South which are part of the rectangular survey system as set up by the federal government. There are 35 principal meridians.
Pro forma — "As a matter of form." For example: Mary E. Jones joined pro forma by her husband, Sam S. Jones.
Producer's 88 – Any of a wide variety of lease forms used in the mid-continent and Gulf Coast regions of the country.
Proportionate Reduction Clause – In an oil and gas lease, the clause that allows for proportionate reductions in rentals and royalties should the lessor's interests be less than the entire fee simple estate.
Prospect – Lease or other right in a particular geographical area believed to lie on a geologic structure or stratigraphic feature.
Public Lands — Land owned by a state or the federal government.
Pugh Clause — Clause used in the Lease to release back to the Lessor any lands not included in a pooled unit or HBP (held by production) after the primary term has expired.
Purchase Contract — A contract for the purchase of land usually setting out a series of periodical payments. Upon completion of the payments, the title to the land is transferred.
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Quiet Title Suit – A court action brought to identify the true owner(s) of land.
Quitclaim Deed — An instrument that conveys any interest a person may have in property but does not give warranty of title.
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Range — Part of the rectangular survey system as established by the federal government. A six mile wide strip of land extending north and south and numbered east and west from the principal meridian.
Ratification – Approval and confirmation of a contract or other legal instrument, usually by means of a second written instrument.
Realty — A term used for real property.
Recording – The act by which a legal instrument is entered into a book of public record, usually in the county clerk's office. This recording amounts to legal notice to all persons of the rights or claims delineated in the instrument.
Release — Return of interest from Lessee to Lessor as in a Release of Oil, Gas and Mineral Lease. Also, an instrument whereby a landowner or tenant relinquishes any claim of damage caused by any operations of another party.
Rectangular Survey System — Method set up by Federal Government to describe land by principal meridians and base lines. Also known as Congressional Township System.
Release – A statement filed by the lessee indicating that an oil or gas lease has been relinquished.
Remainder — A future interest created in some person after the termination of a prior estate as in the case of a life estate.
Remainderman — The person who receives a remainder in an estate after the termination of a prior estate.
Rental Division Order — A form used to prorate delay rental payments for multiple signature leases.
Reservation — A right or interest reserved out of a tract by the grantor unto himself or his assign as minerals.
Restriction - A limitation on the use of land usually created in a conveyance.
Reversion — A return or conveyance of rights in an estate as a result of certain conditions. For example, an easement may contain the condition that all rights granted revert to the grantor in the event the easement is not used for a given period of time.
Rider – A separately listed provision in a lease. Also called an exhibit or addenda.
Right-of-Way — A strip of land over which a pipeline, electrical line, telephone line, railroad or roadway is constructed.
Right-of-Way Agent — A person engaged in the acquisition of land and land rights to accommodate pipeline, electrical lines or facilities pertaining to rights—of-way.
Right-of-Way Agreement — An agreement in writing, under seal, in which an owner in real property grants a right-of-way upon, over and across his land.
Riparian Rights — The rights of landowners of lands on waterways as they relate to ownership.
Royalty — The mineral owner's share of the production.
Royalty Deed – The legal instrument that conveys a share or oil or gas production.
R ule of Capture – Rule applied by the courts that give title to oil and gas produced from a tract of land to the party reducing it to possession.
Runsheet – A landman's list and brief description of all the documents in the history of the ownership of a given tract of land.
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Secondary Term – The term, usually in a phrase like "…so long thereafter as oil or gas is produced…" that extends a lease beyond its primary term.
Section - Part of the Rectangular Survey System as established by the Federal Government. A section is 1 mile X 1 mile and contains 640 acres. There are 36 sections in one Township.
Sever – separate, disjoin.
Severed Mineral Interest – Ownership of minerals independent of an interest in the surface of a tract of land.
Severalty – Sole ownership. Property owned by one person or entity.
Severance Damage — The loss in value of the remaining tract by virtue of the taking of a part.
Shut-In – To close the valves on a well so that it stops producing.
Shut-In Royalty - Monies or consideration paid to lessor to keep a Lease in effect after a well has been drilled but has been shut down until some future date.
Shut-In Well – Usually, a gas well shut-in for lack of a market or pending connection with a pipeline.
Sovereign – In the case of land, the government that holds and is capable of transferring title.
Sovereignty of the Soil - The beginning of record ownership of property from the sovereign or state.
Statute Law – Law enacted by a legislative body. Also called civil law.
Suit to Quiet Title - Court action to correct cloud on the title.
Subordination – In the case of an oil and gas lease, a supplementary agreement that resolves the priority of rights to the leased property and subordinates an earlier instrument (a mortgage for example) to the oil and gas lease.
Surface Estate – Rights and interests in the surface of the land, created when the owner severs or separates his interests in the property.
Survey — The determining of boundaries and corners, with distances and directions in order to identify land.
-T-
Takeoff – Usually prepared by an abstract company, similar to a landman's runsheet.
Tenancy by Entirety - A tenancy which is created between a husband and wife and upon death of either, the other is vested with the whole.
Tenancy in Common — A form of ownership in which each owner owns an undivided interest in property. If one of the owners dies, his interest passes to his heirs and/or assigns.
Term Minerals – Severed minerals acquired for a certain time and, generally, as long thereafter as production continues.
Testate — When one dies leaving a valid will he is said to die testate.
Title – A term standing for those facts that, if proved, will enable a person to regain or retain possession of property.
Title Opinion – The written opinion of a title examiner on the status of the title to a given piece of property.
Top Lease — A Lease granted by a mineral owner prior to expiration of an existing Lease. The Lease becomes effective upon the expiration of the existing Lease provided no action is taken by the existing Lessee to perpetuate the Lease by commencement of drilling or other perpetuating actions.
Township - Part of the Rectangular Survey System as established by the Federal Government. A Township is six miles by six miles and contains 36 square miles which is 36 sections or the equivalent of 23,040 acres.
Township Line — Part of the Rectangular Survey System as established by the Federal Government. These lines run six miles a part parallel to the base line.
Trespass to Try Title — Court action to return ownership to rightful owner or owners.
Trust – A right in property held by one party for the benefit of another. The trustee holds the legal interest or title, and the beneficiary holds the equitable interest and receives the benefits.
Trust Deed - (1) A mortgage on property to a third party to be held as security for a debt. See also "Deed of Trust." (2) A deed conveying property into a trust. (3) A deed from the trustees of a trust.
Trustee – Person who holds the legal title to property in trust for the benefit of another. With the title go specified powers and duties relating to the property. -U-